Inefficient algorithmic complexity in Plug's nested-parameter decoder allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to cause denial of service. Plug.Conn.Query.decode/4 (and Plug.Conn.Query.decode_each/2) parse query strings and application/x-www-form-urlencoded request bodies. When a key contains many bracketed segments such as a[a][a][a]=1, the decoder walks the brackets and, for each of the N levels, performs a map operation keyed on an ever-growing binary prefix of the key, hashing the full byte range at each step. The total decode cost is therefore quadratic in the number of nesting levels.
With the default Plug.Parsers.URLENCODED body limit of 1,000,000 bytes, a single request can carry roughly 333,000 nesting levels and saturate a BEAM scheduler for minutes. A small number of concurrent requests can saturate all schedulers and render a Plug-based server unresponsive. No authentication or knowledge of application routes is required.
This vulnerability is associated with program files lib/plug/conn/query.ex and program routines Plug.Conn.Query.decode/4, Plug.Conn.Query.decode_each/2, Plug.Conn.Query.split_keys/6, Plug.Conn.Query.insert_keys/3, and Plug.Conn.Query.finalize_pointer/2.
This issue affects plug from 1.15.0 before 1.15.5, 1.16.4, 1.17.2, 1.18.3, and 1.19.3.
Metrics
Affected Vendors & Products
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| Elixir-plug |
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References
History
Tue, 23 Jun 2026 13:30:00 +0000
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| Metrics |
ssvc
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Tue, 23 Jun 2026 12:45:00 +0000
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| Description | Inefficient algorithmic complexity in Plug's nested-parameter decoder allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to cause denial of service. Plug.Conn.Query.decode/4 (and Plug.Conn.Query.decode_each/2) parse query strings and application/x-www-form-urlencoded request bodies. When a key contains many bracketed segments such as a[a][a][a]=1, the decoder walks the brackets and, for each of the N levels, performs a map operation keyed on an ever-growing binary prefix of the key, hashing the full byte range at each step. The total decode cost is therefore quadratic in the number of nesting levels. With the default Plug.Parsers.URLENCODED body limit of 1,000,000 bytes, a single request can carry roughly 333,000 nesting levels and saturate a BEAM scheduler for minutes. A small number of concurrent requests can saturate all schedulers and render a Plug-based server unresponsive. No authentication or knowledge of application routes is required. This vulnerability is associated with program files lib/plug/conn/query.ex and program routines Plug.Conn.Query.decode/4, Plug.Conn.Query.decode_each/2, Plug.Conn.Query.split_keys/6, Plug.Conn.Query.insert_keys/3, and Plug.Conn.Query.finalize_pointer/2. This issue affects plug from 1.15.0 before 1.15.5, 1.16.4, 1.17.2, 1.18.3, and 1.19.3. | |
| Title | Plug: quadratic-time decoding of nested query/body parameters enables denial of service | |
| First Time appeared |
Elixir-plug
Elixir-plug plug |
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| Weaknesses | CWE-407 | |
| CPEs | cpe:2.3:a:elixir-plug:plug:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | |
| Vendors & Products |
Elixir-plug
Elixir-plug plug |
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| References |
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| Metrics |
cvssV4_0
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MITRE
Status: PUBLISHED
Assigner: EEF
Published:
Updated: 2026-06-23T13:04:27.014Z
Reserved: 2026-06-16T10:47:13.915Z
Link: CVE-2026-54892
Vulnrichment
Updated: 2026-06-23T13:04:18.295Z
NVD
No data.
Redhat
No data.
OpenCVE Enrichment
Updated: 2026-06-23T13:30:03Z